1	Writing Solutions For The Inclusive Classroom
2	Agenda What is Writing? Low Tech Solutions Keyboards Standard with modifications Ergonomic Big Keys/ Intellikeys/ Break/Hands On Creativity software Desktop publishing programs
3	Agenda (cont.) Adaptive Software OnScreen Keyboards Word Prediction programs Text to Speech Speech to Text Lunch/Break /Hands On Portable Writing Solutions AlphaSmart Neo Dana PDA’s Winks
4	What Is Writing?
5	Writing Is …….. The physical act of dragging a trail across a piece of paper.
6	Physical Sequence Random shapes and scribbles Coloring Crayon drawing Letter formation Printing words and sentences Cursive words and sentences Typing (Late 20th Century)
7	Physical Issues Gross Motor/Fine Motor High Tone (Spasticity) Low tone (Flaccidity) Proprioception/Kinesthetics the sense that indicates whether your body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other. Eye-hand coordination http://www.cdl.org/resource-library/articles/graphomotor.php Visual Acuity
8	Writing Is ….. The academic skill to sequence letters into words and words into sentences. (Spelling or literacy)
9	Academic Sequence Picture Books Pictures with words Recognition of Words Copying Letters Copying Words Spelling Sentences, Paragraphs, 4th Grade State Report Shopping lists, DBQ’s, Regents Exams,
10	Academic Issues Dyslexia People are diagnosed as dyslexic when their reading problems cannot be explained by a lack of intellectual ability, inadequate instruction, or sensory problems such as poor eyesight. (Ability-Achievement Model) Dysgraphia Dyslexic Dysgraphia Motor Dysgraphia Spatial Dysgraphia
11	How RTI Is Used to Identify a Student as Having LD In an RTI process, students who show signs of learning difficulties are provided with a series of increasingly intensive, individualized interventions. These interventions are designed and delivered by general education staff in collaboration with other experts such as special educators and school psychologists and are based on reliable research. The intervention process includes systematic monitoring of the student’s progress. Students who do not show improvement, or “responsiveness,” to this series of interventions are considered to be learning disabled and in need of special education services in order to receive educational benefit from instruction.
12	Writing is ………… The intellectual ability to sequence words into sentences and paragraphs in such a way that is considered entertaining or instructive (creative writing/ journalism)
13	Creative Writing Sequence Spelling Sentences Paragraphs Poems Essays Short Stories War and Peace Resume? Tax Returns?
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15	Creative Writing Issues Sustained Attention Divided Attention Planning Motivation Organization Writers Block
16	Writers on Writing Writing is easy. All you do is sit staring at a blank sheet of paper until the drops of blood form on your forehead.~ Gene Fowler I hate writing; I love having written. ~ Dorothy Parker A blank page is God's way of showing you how hard it is to be God. ~ Anonymous
17	Low Tech Solutions The LoTTIE Kit (Low Tech Tools for Inclusive Education) Highlighter tape See It Right (colored filters for visual impairments) Ergonomically shaped pens Page holders Pencil Grips Keyboard Labels Magnifiers Paper Writing Guides
18	Keyboards
19	Keyboards Standard Keyboard Modifications Windows Accessibility (Start>Programs>Accesssories>Accessibility Wizard) Macintosh (Control Panel >Universal Access) Sticky Keys Bounce Keys Toggle Keys Ergonomic Keyboards Size, Shape, Orientation --Alternative Keyboard Gallery Keyboard Layouts ABCD /Qwerty/ Dvorak Adaptive Keyboards -- Adaptive Keyboards
20	Keyboarding Many popular keyboarding software packages violate psychomotor skill development (Davidson and Kochmann, 1996).The complexity of teaching keyboarding requires an extensive and extremely well-written software program. No software program has been shown to be superior to capable, live keyboarding instruction.Software programs serve well for drill, remediation, enrichment practice, as well as adding variety to keyboarding instruction. Software cannot be programmed to see, to hear, or to feel the keyboarding instructional needs of the student (Schmidt, 1985)
21	BigKeys
22	Intellikeys
23	Basic Intellikeys Features Macintosh and Windows compatible Works alongside standard keyboard Works with any keyboard-accessible software Settings can be customized using Setup Overlay or control panel Software updates can be downloaded from Web Convenient and flexible switch interface Plugs and unplugs without disrupting your work Turns on or off while connected to your computer Plastic keyguards (sold separately) help users select the right keys
24	Programmable Features
25	IntellikeysActivity Exchange TouchWindow Keyboard Easy Writing Monkey
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27	Software
28	Creativity Software Kid Pix Ultimate Writing and Creativity Center Imagination Express Draft:Builder
29	Common Elements Color Sound Animation Text to Speech Art Tools
30	Adaptive Software On Screen Keyboards Windows OnScreen Word Prediction Software CoWriter Word Bank Software Graphic Organizers Inspiration/Kidspiration Picture to Text Software Picture Power Pack
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32	Text to Speech Software Ability Hub Write:OutLoud IntelliTalk
33	The Real World Two ten year olds boys are sitting on a bench and one is very, very sad. “What’s wrong?” the other boy says. The first boy sighed deeply. “My teacher told me that I have to improve my handwriting.” “Oh,” his friend said. “That’s not so bad. You just need to practice. I can even help you. In a couple of weeks your handwriting will be fine. “You don’t understand,” the first boy moaned. “If I improve my handwriting, she’ll find out that I can’t spell.”
34	Speech Recognition Software Dragon Naturally Speaking ViaVoice Microsoft Word Read and Write
35	The Microphone Headset microphones are the most efficient, because they keep a steady distance between the mic and the user's mouth.
36	The User Reasonably good articulation skills and breath support for speech Approximately 6th grade reading level Good computer skills Fluency Ability to divide attention and to sustain attention
37	Miscellaneous Factors: Environmental Noise Training and Support available Motivation Tolerance for frustration
38	The Revenge of the Machine "On a clear day, you can see forever" came back: "On a clear day, you conceive forever." • "Sociopathic" came back: "Go see a Catholic.” • Dictated: Your e-mail touched my heartstrings. Interpreted: Your e-mail attacked my hamstrings. • I dictated: "I want your input on this topic." Nat typed: "I want urine put on this topic."
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40	Proverbs Written by Kids A FIRST GRADE TEACHER collected old, well known proverbs. She gave each child in her class the first half of a proverb, and had them come up with the rest. As you shall make your bed so shall you..........mess it up. Better be safe than......................punch a 5th grader. Strike while the ..............................bug is close. It's always darkest before............daylight savings time. You can lead a horse to water but.......................how? Don't bite the hand that........................looks dirty. A miss is as good as a...................................Mr. You can't teach an old dog new.........................math. If you lie down with the dogs, you'll..stink in the morning. The pen is mightier than the...........................pigs.
41	Proverbs 2 An idle mind is.......................the best way to relax. Where there's smoke, there's......................pollution. Happy the bride who...................gets all the presents. A penny saved is...................................not much. Two's company, three's.......................the musketeers. Laugh and the whole world laughs with you, cry and..........................you have to blow your nose. Children should be seen and not.........spanked or grounded. When the blind leadeth the blind.........get out of the way.
42	Creative Writing Dear Father, $chool I$ really great. I am making lot$ of friend$ and $tudying very hard. With all my $tuff, I $imply can’t think of anything I need, $o if you would like, you can ju$t send me a card a$ I would love to hear from you. Love, Your $on
43	Dad Writes Back: Dear Son I kNOw that astroNOmy, ecoNOmics, and oceaNOgraphy are eNOugh to keep even an hoNOr student busy. Do NOt forget that the pursuit of kNOwledge is a NOble task, and you can never study eNOugh. Love, Dad
44	Spelling Bee
45	Portable Solutions AlphaSmart Neo Dana PDA’s
46	Specialized Features Eight Files Available (approximately 12.5 pages each…. Total of 100 pages) Automatic Save Can Transfer Files to Macintosh, PC, or Directly to Printer
47	Specialized Features Spell Check Feature Easy Access to Applets (Calculator, Co:Writer, etc.)
48	Using The Device Press the “On” button Choose a file (1 through 8) Begin Typing
49	Connecting To A Computer/Printer Open Word Processor File
50	Connecting To A Computer/Printer Connect Cable to Computer
51	Connecting To A Computer/Printer Connect Cable to Device Press “Send”
52	Gozintas
53	AlphaSmart/Neo Features Light weight & durable AlphaWord 8 separate files holding over 100 pages of text Flexible keyboard layout & sticky keys Automatic save feature
54	AlphaSmart/ Neo Features (con’t) Recovery of deleted file 2 AA battery (Approx 700 hours) or AC Doesn’t lose data when power source is unavailable Relay data to and from a computer (any platform) via cable or wireless beam Connect to any printer via cable or wireless beam Quick instructions on back of device
55	AlphaSmart/Neo Applets Applets are mini-software programs. Co:Writer Applet (word prediction) Inspiration Outliner (web mapping)
56	AlphaSmart Applets (con’t) AlphaQuiz $60 pre-installed or $169 10 user license www.alphasmart.com/products/alphaquiz_smartapplet.html KeyWords (keyboarding program) $60 pre-installed or $99 10 user license www.alphasmart.com/products/keywords_smartapplet.html
57	Dana Features Has the same features of the AlphaSmart 3000 plus: Touch Screen 7.5in x 2.25in wide screen Palm OS software Font size, type and style can be changed. Editing and formatting text Compatible to download/beam any Palm OS software programs available (over 10,000 programs) 16 MB memory. More memory can be added.
58	Dana Features (con’t) Has 2 USB ports for connecting printer or PC IrDA (infared) port Batteries or AC Palm Reader to read e-books
59	PDAs and Handhelds
60	PDAs & Handhelds Features Memory Over 10,000 software applications available Add-ons Different types of keyboards Touch screen Play MP3 files (e.g. digitized books) E-books Pictures
61	PDA Accessories Keyboards Expansion cards Memory Software Peripheral (e.g. digital camera, GPS system)
62	Winks
63	The Wist of Winks Graphomotor Problems http://www.cdl.org/resource-library/articles/graphomotor.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgraphia#Disagreements_about_dysgraphia Response to Intervention http://www.schwablearning.org/articles.asp?r=840
64	More Winks Alternative keyboards http://tim.griffins.ca/gallery/keyboard/all.html Adaptive Keyboards http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/tech/altkey.html#alt BigKeys http://www.bigkeys.com/
65	Even More Winks Intellikeys http://www.intellikeys.com OnScreen Keyboards http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/tech/onscreen.html Word Prediction Software http://www.utoronto.ca/atrc/reference/tech/wordpred.html
66	And Yet Even More Winks Text to Speech http://www.abilityhub.com/read/software-tts.htm Speech to Text (Speech Recognition) http://www.out-loud.com/
67	The End of the Winks Typing Tutor http://www.todays-learners.com/typingtutor.html http://www.aboutonehandtyping.com/manual.html http://www.learn2type.com/ http://www.computerlab.kids.new.net/keyboarding.htm